Authors
Pati Aji Achdiat a,b, Oki Suwarsa a,b, Yudi Mulyana Hidayat b,c, Reiva Farah Dwiyana a, Mohamad Nasir Shafiee d, Reti Hindritiani a, Endang Sutedja a,b, Satiti Retno Pudjiati e, Dany Hilmanto b,f, Ida Parwatib,g, Meita Dhamayanti b,f, Reyshiani Johan a, Ivan Daniel Banjarnahor a, and Retno Hesty Maharani a
Affiliations
aDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; bDoctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; cDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; dDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; eDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; fDepartment of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; gDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
Background
– Anogenital warts (AGW) caused by HPV are shaped by host immune responses.
– Tuberculin PPD (TPPD) is being explored as an immunotherapy; IFN-α and IL-2 are key immune mediators.
Methods
- Exploratory quasi-experimental study of 12 AGW patients.
- Intralesional TPPD (5 tuberculin units weekly, six injections).
- IFN-α and IL-2 were assessed in tissue by immunohistochemistry and in serum by ELISA.
Key Results
• TPPD increased tissue IFN-α and IL-2 expression and serum IL-2 levels.
• 4 of 12 patients achieved complete response; 6 needed further destructive treatment.
• Cytokine changes did not correlate with lesion regression.
Discussion & Conclusion
• Cytokine upregulation appears to reflect immune activation rather than determine wart clearance.
• Results should be interpreted cautiously given the small sample.
Related SDGs
- SDG 3 – Good Health and Well-Being — the most directly relevant, as the study focuses on anogenital warts caused by HPV, treatment, and immune responses.
- SDG 9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure — relevant to biomedical research and the development of innovative therapeutic approaches, including immunotherapy and laboratory methods such as immunohistochemistry and ELISA.
Journal Information
Journal: Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics
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