Acute Otitis Media (AOM) — a painful middle-ear infection — is one of the most common illnesses in children worldwide. In West Java, it represents a significant cause of doctor visits, missed school days, and in severe cases, long-term hearing problems.

Dr. Arif Dermawan from the Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran conducted a case-control study to identify the key factors contributing to AOM in children. The study involved carefully comparing children diagnosed with AOM to healthy peers, analyzing their living conditions, medical histories, and environmental exposures.

The results revealed a combination of determinants: exposure to cigarette smoke, lack of exclusive breastfeeding, frequent upper respiratory tract infections, and overcrowded living environments significantly increased the risk. Each factor, when isolated, showed a measurable impact; when combined, they created a higher vulnerability.

This analysis helps health authorities and parents prioritize preventive actions. Reducing indoor smoke exposure, promoting breastfeeding, and improving ventilation in homes could sharply decrease the incidence of AOM in the region.

The research supports SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being, showing how targeted interventions based on data can reduce disease burden. It also highlights Universitas Padjadjaran’s capacity to conduct clinically relevant, evidence-based research that informs public health strategies and advances the THE Impact Rankings agenda.